Abstract: With the development of Mini/Micro LED technology, the maturity and application of Mini LED direct display solutions, and the large-scale entry of Mini LED commercial display products into the market, there is a need to summarize industry technical experience to provide a standard basis for design, testing, production, inspection, and engineering, as well as a reference for evaluating product quality levels. The standards, as part of the “National Quality Infrastructure System” (NQI) key project on “Mini/Micro LED Direct Display Ultra-HD Display NQI Key Technology Integration Application Demonstration,” focus on universality, applicability, scientific basis, and advancement. They study various functions, performance requirements, and corresponding test methods of Mini LED commercial display products to establish a foundation for technological innovation and quality improvement in the industry and to explore their role in building the national quality infrastructure system. These standards have already been widely used by numerous enterprises in the industry.
Keywords: Mini LED, Mini LED commercial display screens, luminance viewing angle, luminance uniformity, color gamut coverage, pixel failure rate, environmental adaptability, MTBF.
1 Introduction
T/SLDA 01—2022 “General Technical Specification for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens” and T/SLDA 007—2022 “Mini LED Indoor Commercial Display Screens” summarize recent experiences in Mini LED direct display technology design, application, product testing, and inspection, as well as the actual market conditions of Mini LED commercial display screens. Developed based on theoretical analysis of Mini/Micro LED technology and multiple rounds of evaluation, T/SLDA 01—2022 is a revised version of T/SLDA 01—2020, while T/SLDA 007—2022 focuses specifically on indoor environments based on T/SLDA 01—2020.
The standards aim to comprehensively summarize the technical specifications of Mini LED commercial display screens from the perspectives of universality and applicability. They categorize levels wherever possible to guide market order from a quality evaluation perspective, providing a reference for industry authorities, evaluation and certification bodies, and purchasers (consumers) in product assessment. Meanwhile, the standards outline basic testing methods, product inspection rules, and certification requirements for internal quality assurance and innovation in enterprises, which is beneficial for industry development.
2 Background of Standard Development
Compared with traditional LCD and OLED technologies, Mini LED offers advantages such as higher brightness, wider color gamut, higher contrast, faster response time, lower power consumption, and longer lifespan. Compared with small-pitch LEDs, Mini LED has smaller dimensions, denser pixel arrangements, higher PPI, and more complex requirements for production, packaging, and maintenance technology upgrades.
The design philosophy of Mini LED direct display involves using Mini LED chips directly as display pixels to serve as the basic imaging units, thereby achieving image display. With the maturation of Mini LED packaging technology, Mini LED display screens have achieved high clarity, high resolution, and long-term performance stability, with increasingly diverse applications in fields such as traffic control, high-end car exhibitions, sports venues, high-end conference rooms, cultural performances, security, night economy, and advertising media. Applications are also becoming more mature in outdoor advertising and stage rentals.
In recent years, as Mini/Micro LED technology has gradually matured, factors such as large-scale production in the supply chain, domestic equipment substitution, and improved production yields have reduced costs, enhancing the cost-performance ratio and gross profit margins of products. The expansion of application scenarios for Mini/Micro LED products is expected. Technological advancements and steady cost reductions in Mini/Micro LED technology will promote penetration into commercial display fields, expanding use in home televisions, cinemas, and other scenarios. Additionally, the improved display effects of Mini/Micro LED provide opportunities for LED displays to enter the consumer market, driving new levels of production growth and supporting the sustained prosperity of the LED display industry. According to GGII projections [1], the global Mini LED market size is expected to reach $5.3 billion by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of over 85%. By 2025, the global Micro LED market size will exceed $3.5 billion and is expected to surpass $10 billion by 2027.
In 2021, China’s annual output value of LED displays exceeded 65 billion yuan, accounting for 80% of the global market; however, the value of Mini/Micro LED direct display screens was only 1.55 billion yuan, constrained by the inadequacies in the national quality infrastructure system, which have limited the development of the Mini/Micro LED ultra-HD display industry. Currently, the Mini/Micro LED industry faces numerous quality bottlenecks. In response, the Ministry of Science and Technology’s National Key R&D Program “National Quality Infrastructure System” (NQI) key project “Mini/Micro LED Direct Display Ultra-HD Display NQI Key Technology Integration Application Demonstration” has established the “Mini/Micro LED Ultra-HD Display NQI Integrated Application Online Demonstration Platform,” innovating a sustainable development model for integrating key NQI technologies both online and offline. This initiative aims to provide quality technical support for China’s transformation from a “major display manufacturer” to a “strong display country.” The NQI project requires the development of relevant group standards for Mini/Micro LED direct displays, including “Technical Specifications for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens,” “Comfort Evaluation Methods for Mini/Micro LED Direct Displays,” “Reliability Test Methods for Mini/Micro LED Direct Display Modules,” and “Mura Defect Evaluation Methods for Mini/Micro LED Direct Displays.” These standards align with actual market developments, summarize corresponding technical and quality experiences, and promote technological innovation and quality infrastructure construction in the industry.
In 2020, the Shenzhen Lighting and Display Engineering Industry Association (SLDA) released the industry’s first group standard, T/SLDA 01—2020 “General Technical Specification for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens.” This standard, which filled a gap in both international and domestic standards, received direct support from 55 renowned enterprises, professional organizations, and higher education institutions in the industry. In 2022, to promote the development of new technologies, products, and business models for display screens domestically and internationally, and to better regulate the market and product promotion of Mini LED commercial display screens while highlighting their technical and quality advantages, the SLDA, in cooperation with two other social organizations in Shenzhen and under the guidance of institutions such as the China National Institute of Standardization and the Xiamen Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, developed the group standard “Mini LED Indoor Commercial Display Screens” (T/SLDA 007—2022). This standard, which represents advanced technology and high-quality levels, is based on the content of T/SLDA 01—2020 and incorporates recent developments in product technology. At the same time, the “General Technical Specification for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens” was revised (T/SLDA 01—2022, replacing T/SLDA 01—2020) to encourage relevant enterprises to obtain Shenzhen Standard Certification and conduct advanced product evaluations, thereby promoting the implementation and application of these standards.
3 Interpretation of Main Contents of the Standard
3.1 Scope of the Standard
T/SLDA 01—2020 “General Technical Specification for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens” specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test methods, and inspection rules for Mini LED commercial display screens, applicable to displays adopting the Mini LED direct display scheme.
T/SLDA 007—2022 “Mini LED Indoor Commercial Display Screens” applies to indoor commercial display screens using Mini LEDs.
3.2 Chapter Structure and Changes Compared to Previous Group Standards
The main content of T/SLDA 01—2022 consists of 10 chapters: Scope, Normative References, Terms and Definitions, Display Screen Classification, General Requirements, Technical Requirements, Test Methods, Inspection Rules, Marking, Labeling and Accompanying Documents, Packaging, and Storage and Transportation, and Application Environment Requirements. The standard reorganizes the clauses regarding the technical requirements of Mini LED commercial display screens into 15 aspects: appearance, structure, basic functions, interface requirements, safety requirements, optical characteristics, electrical requirements, pixel failure rate, energy-saving requirements, adaptability to climate environment, mechanical environment adaptability, power supply adaptability, electromagnetic compatibility, noise, and mean time between failures (MTBF).
Compared with T/SLDA 01—2020, the major changes include: adding terms and definitions for “Mini LED panel,” basic structural requirements, basic functions of assembled displays, chromaticity viewing angles and their test methods for optical characteristics, brightness calculation methods, and test methods for visual health; deleting the collision requirement under mechanical adaptability and photobiological safety requirements; upgrading, modifying, or categorizing nearly 20 other items. Further details are provided in the subsequent content.
T/SLDA 007—2022 specifies the basic technical requirements, test methods, and inspection rules for commercial display screens in indoor environments. The technical requirements include appearance and structure, basic functions, and performance requirements, with the performance criteria covering ink color consistency, structural assembly precision, maximum brightness, luminance viewing angle, chromaticity viewing angle, luminance uniformity, color coordinate deviation, primary wavelength error, color gamut coverage, maximum contrast ratio, electrical performance requirements, energy consumption level, safety requirements, and electromagnetic compatibility.
The standard classifies performance indicators into three levels to meet the needs of product technical development and quality control.
3.3 Terminology
3.3.1 Definition of Mini/Micro LED
The standard reiterates the definition of Mini LED from T/SLDA 01—2020 “General Technical Specification for Mini LED Commercial Display Screens” as “an LED device with a chip size between 50 μm and 200 μm.”
The classification of conventional LED, Mini LED, and Micro LED is based on chip size, with no overlapping size ranges. Mini LEDs fall between conventional LEDs and Micro LEDs, with conventional LED chips typically larger than 200 μm. Mini/Micro LEDs are defined as LED devices with chip sizes of 200 μm or less.
However, there are different perspectives within the academic and industrial communities regarding the size definitions for Mini LED and Micro LED.
It has been observed that many display manufacturers are already using LED chips with sizes ranging from 75 μm to 100 μm or even smaller. Mini LED is considered an extension of conventional LED and serves as a substitute before the mass production of Micro LEDs. The primary difference between Mini/Micro LEDs and conventional LEDs lies not in the light-emitting mechanism but in the new challenges posed by Mini/Micro LEDs for the structure of the light-emitting units, the preparation technology of light-emitting arrays, and the transfer technology of these arrays.
With ongoing advancements in Mini/Micro LED technology, both industry and academia have recognized that a key distinction between Mini LED and Micro LED chips is the presence or absence of a sapphire substrate. The non-conductivity and differential thermal properties of sapphire substrates affect the luminous efficiency of Micro LEDs, and the brittleness of sapphire makes it unsuitable for flexible display applications. Therefore, to produce high-resolution, high-brightness, high-contrast, micro-sized Micro LED chips, it is necessary to remove the sapphire substrate. Consequently, Micro LED chips do not have a sapphire substrate.
Some experts in both the corporate and academic sectors argue that a chip size of 100 μm should serve as the dividing line between Mini LED and Micro LED, with chips larger than 100 μm classified as Mini LED and those smaller as Micro LED. From the perspective of practical market applications and chip manufacturing, defining LEDs with sizes between 50 μm and 100 μm as Mini LEDs is deemed unnecessary. Thus, LED devices with chip sizes between 100 μm and 300 μm are defined as Mini LEDs.
Other research suggests that the definition of Micro LED chips should depend on the application scenario and research environment. For example, from a display terminal perspective, a flip-chip LED with any two dimensions smaller than 100 μm can be considered a Micro LED. From the perspective of consumer electronics, the definition of Micro LED should be based on viewing distance and the human eye’s resolution limit. For VR/AR display applications, the chip size should be below 10 μm and substrate-free.
Micro LEDs are characterized by high resolution, high brightness, high contrast, and micro size. Despite the debate over the definition of Mini/Micro LEDs, abandoning discussions on these distinctions is not advisable. The standard revision process involved multiple rounds of discussion and analysis regarding this definition.
“Micro” in English means “microscopic” or “very small,” while “Mini” means “small” or “compact.” In principle, the size definitions for Mini LED and Micro LED chips should not overlap. The application of chips to various devices or usage scenarios should be independent of their classification and definition. Ultimately, the SLDA experts have decided to align with international consensus for the time being. Currently, most experts globally agree that “Micro” refers to sizes below 50 μm, thus retaining the original definition.
3.3.2 Terms Related to the Composition of Mini LED Display Screens
The standard specifically defines terms such as Mini LED Display Module, Mini LED Display Unit, Mini LED Panel, Mini LED Display Screen, and Mini LED Commercial Display to differentiate their relationships. See the diagram below.

Mini LED display module is a unit composed of a Mini LED pixel array and a driver circuit, with a pixel pitch ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mm. The standard classifies Mini LED display pixel pitches into two categories: 0.8 mm < P ≤ 1.5 mm and 0.3 mm ≤ P ≤ 0.8 mm, covering the actual conditions of Mini LED commercial display screens in the market in terms of generality and broad applicability. Initially, Mini LED chips were primarily larger than 100 μm and typically utilized Surface-Mounted Device (SMD) packaging technology. Even today, a considerable number of products have a pixel pitch between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm. With the maturation of Chip-on-Board (COB) packaging technology and the reduction of Mini LED chip sizes to below 100 μm, pixel pitches between 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm have become feasible. (According to surveys, some companies, experts, and scholars in the industry directly define the pixel pitch of LED displays to be between 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm.) (Note: The minimum pixel pitch of an LED display is related to the chip size, but its determination is also relevant to imaging. The pixel pitch mentioned here primarily refers to the minimum distance between pixel centers).
Mini LED display unit is an independent unit composed of several Mini LED display modules, control circuits, power converters, and corresponding structural components. A physical example is shown in Figure 2.

Mini LED panel is a display panel formed by connecting multiple Mini LED display units of the same specification, which can be controlled by a display control system to render images.
Mini LED display screen is a device that uses Mini LED pixels to display text, images, videos, and other information. It typically comprises a Mini LED panel and a display control system as its basic components. It may also include auxiliary systems and can be configured in an integrated or separate structure.

Mini LED Commercial Display Screens are designed for text, image, and video playback in commercial trade, advertising, and similar applications. These screens feature a smaller pixel pitch, enabling high definition, high reliability, high interface compatibility, and ease of installation and maintenance.
The standard defines three types of display screens: face-up, flip-chip, and mixed-assembly, categorized mainly based on the chip types used in their pixels. The chip types include vertical red LED chips, face-up blue and green LED chips, flip-chip red, blue, and green LED chips, and flip-chip blue and green LED chips. Face-up display screens consist of pixels made from vertical red LED chips and face-up blue and green LED chips; mixed-assembly screens use pixels composed of vertical red LED chips and flip-chip blue and green LED chips; flip-chip display screens consist of pixels made from flip-chip red, blue, and green LED chips.
3.3.3 Terms Related to Mini LED Display Screen Specifications
Luminance Viewing Angle of Mini LED Display Screens: Defined differently from the SJ/T 11141-2017 “General Specification for Light Emitting Diode (LED) Displays,” it is described as “the sum of the angles formed by two observation directions on the same plane with the normal direction when the luminance in the observation direction drops to one-third of the luminance in the normal direction of the display screen.” It includes horizontal and vertical luminance viewing angles, considering factors such as actual detection, application evaluation, market conditions, and comparison with traditional LCD screens.
Ink Color Uniformity: Refers to the consistency of the color of all structural materials on the surface of the screen in a black screen state. Relevant content is provided in the subsequent sections.
3.4 Main Categories of Mini LED Commercial Display Screens
Mini LED commercial display screens are classified based on five methods: LED chip structure, packaging bracket, maintenance method, display dimension, and screen shape.
The LED chip structures are categorized into face-up, vertical, and flip-chip types. Currently, the market offers various packaging technologies for Mini LED chips, such as SMD (Surface-Mounted Device), IMD (Integrated Matrix Device), COB (Chip on Board), MIP (Micro LED in Package), and SIP (System in Package). Refer to Figures 4–7 for illustrations of the relevant process structures. Mini LED commercial display screens can be further divided into face-up displays, mixed-assembly displays, and flip-chip displays based on chip structure combinations (see terminology section for details).




Chip packaging technology has evolved through two main approaches: traditional technology (SMD) and breakthrough technology (COBIP). In 2019, a new classification framework and methodology were proposed for these two systematic packaging technologies, which also led to new insights in the field. The traditional technology is characterized as the “Bracket-Type Single Device Packaging with Separate Light Source and Driver System (Two-Board Technology),” while the breakthrough technology is identified as the “Bracketless Integrated Packaging with Combined Light Source and Driver System (Single-Board Technology).” Refer to Figures 4 to 7 for a visual distinction between bracket-type and bracketless technology. Examples of actual product forms can be found in the illustrations below.



Based on different maintenance methods, Mini LED displays can be categorized into front-maintenance displays (also known as front-access displays), rear-maintenance displays (also referred to as rear-access displays), and displays with both front and rear maintenance.
By display dimension, Mini LED displays can be classified into 2D displays, 3D displays, and displays that integrate both 2D and 3D.
According to screen shape, Mini LED displays can be divided into flat displays, curved displays, and flexible displays.
3.5 Technical Requirements Interpretation
3.5.1 Appearance
The standard includes consistency of black color and marking requirements under appearance criteria. It specifies that products, after assembly, delivered for customer use or inspection, should have a clean appearance, free from scratches, and without any damage or detachment of Mini LEDs. Metal components should be free from rust or mechanical damage. Product markings must be correct, clear, neat, and secure, with accurate instructions; grounding protection terminals should be marked, and warning signs should be placed at fuses and power switches. There should be no color blocks or color patches on the display, and the consistency of black color should be less than 1.5. Manufacturers must have clear requirements regarding the black screen color difference of the display; screens from different batches that exceed the specified color difference value should not be mixed. Based on the actual quality levels of products in the market, the standard classifies the black color consistency of Mini LED displays into three grades, as shown in the table below: Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C, from highest to lowest.
A | B | C |
<0.5 | 0.5≤ΔECIE<1 | 1≤ ΔECIE<1.5 |
The criteria for evaluating black color consistency are shown in Table 2.
ΔECIELab | Perceptual Cognition |
0~0.5 | Negligible, almost indistinguishable to the naked eye |
0.5~1 | Very low, barely noticeable even for those with professional training |
1~1.5 | Moderate, sometimes visible to the naked eye |
>1.5 | Severe, very obvious |
The Shenzhen Standard Certification requires that Mini LED commercial displays maintain a high-quality level, with black color consistency reaching Grade A.
During testing, the display should be placed in a stable lighting environment. In a black screen state, a colorimeter is used to measure the color difference on the display surface. If no significant color difference is observed, a reference point in the center of the display is selected as the target sample, and its chromaticity is tested. The colorimeter displays the L, a, b values (definitions of L, a, b are according to the colorimeter manual). Then, five points are evenly selected across the display as test points, and their relative color differences are measured; the maximum value is taken as the effective value. If there are visibly different areas on the display surface, those areas must be included in the test points, and the maximum value is again taken as the effective value.
When testing the black color consistency of a display (or display module) under the specified conditions, the following method is applied:
a) Place the display in a stable lighting environment and set the test screen to an all-black image;
b) Adjust the display to working mode;
c) Use a D65 light source as the reference light source, and measure the tristimulus values Xn, Yn, Zn as the reference chromaticity coordinates;
d) With the display turned off and under D65 light source illumination (at an 8-degree angle of incidence), measure and record the CIE 1931 brightness and chromaticity values (CIE xyz) at the center of each module;
Note: The 8-degree illumination refers to a diffuse reflection measurement method where the D65 light source is at an 8-degree angle of incidence and received at a 90-degree angle (or 9-degree angle of incidence and 8-degree reception).
e) Convert the test data into CIELAB values, including lightness coordinate L* and chromaticity coordinates a* and b*, using formulas (1) to (4);
Note: In actual testing, a colorimeter may be used to directly measure L*, a*, and b* values. When testing displays with pixel pitches between 0.8mm and 1.5mm, it is recommended to repeat the measurement (e.g., five times) to ensure accuracy.

f) Calculate the CIELAB color difference between 8 adjacent modules (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal) using formula (5), and identify the maximum value.

ΔL*,Δa*, andΔb* represent the differences in the coordinates L*, a*, and b* between two color samples, respectively:

g) Record the L*, a*, and b* values at the center of each module of the display screen; calculate the color differences ΔECIE between all adjacent modules and the maximum color difference ΔEma Determine the compliance with the corresponding grade based on Table 2.
3.5.2 Structure
3.5.2.1 Basic Requirements
For the structural quality requirements of Mini LED commercial displays, it is essential to examine the stability of the assembly structure after product installation, the convenience of use and maintenance, heat dissipation, and whether the wiring is streamlined. The structure must also ensure compatibility with electromagnetic and electrical safety regulations, facilitating easy installation and maintenance without compromising the consistency of the surface’s black coloration during repairs.
Manufacturers should select materials for the display in compliance with relevant environmental protection, flame retardancy, and anti-corrosion standards. All materials, components, and restricted hazardous substances must meet the corresponding national standards (see note). When using certain structural materials, such as steel, aluminum, or plastic, structural safety and integrity should be guaranteed.
Note: Corrosion protection standard: GB/T 2423.17-2008; flame retardancy standard: ANSI/UL 94 V0 or higher; the limits on restricted substances in materials must comply with GB/T 26572-2011.
Additionally, products entering different countries, regions, or areas should conform to local policies and regulations, mainly through mandatory national or local certification requirements.
3.5.2.2 Structural Dimensions
The standard specifies that the delivered product should be consistent with the requirements publicized by the manufacturer or product provider, including external dimensions, effective luminous area, and installation/assembly dimensions of the display.
Based on the actual conditions of Mini LED modules in the market, it is recommended to adopt module size design specifications with aspect ratios of “1:1,” “2:1,” “16:9,” “8:9,” “20:9,” etc.
3.5.2.3 Mini LED Adhesion
The technical indicators for Mini LED adhesion apply to integrated packaged Mini LEDs. A significant portion of Mini LED modules in the market still uses SMD and IMD packaging processes, where the LED chips have bracket housings. It is necessary to evaluate the corresponding Mini LED display modules for impact resistance to ensure mechanical adaptability during transportation, installation, and maintenance. The adhesion of Mini LEDs must meet the requirements specified in the table below.
Pixel Pitch (Center-to-Center)/mm | Adhesion/N |
0.8<P≤1.5 | N≥30 |
0.3≤P≤0.8 | N≥20 |
It should be noted that displays based on the COB packaging process are clearly unsuitable for the requirements of this clause.
During testing, prepare at least 10 samples and position the push-pull gauge at an angle of less than 5° to the PCB board. Apply thrust from the wider side of the LED; for an 8-pin Mini LED, apply thrust in any direction. For LEDs with uneven pin distribution, choose the weakest direction on the LED pad for thrust application. Record the reading on the force gauge when the LED is pushed off, test 10 Mini LEDs, and calculate the average force.
3.5.2.4 Structural Assembly Precision
The standard specifies the structural assembly precision of Mini LED commercial displays from four dimensions: planar flatness, relative deviation of pixel pitch, horizontal misalignment, and vertical misalignment, as shown in the table below. Based on the technical characteristics of Mini LED direct display screens and market product conditions, the standards are categorized into Grade A, B, and C, with Grade A being the highest, followed by Grade B and C. The grading criteria exceed the industry standards for LED display screens (see subsequent content). Additionally, the advanced Shenzhen standard evaluation guidelines require products to meet Grade A to pass the evaluation.
No. | Basic Parameter | Unit | Technical Requirement | |||
A | B | C | ||||
1 | Planar Flatness (S) | m | S≤0.3 | 0.3<S≤0.5 | 0.5<S≤1 | |
2 | Relative Deviation of Pixel Pitch (JX) | % | JX≤3% | 3%<JX≤5% | 5%<JX≤7% | |
3 | Horizontal Misalignment (Ch) | Pixel center spacing 0.8~1.5mm | mm | Ch≤0.12 | 0.12<Ch≤0.2 | 0.2<Ch≤0.35 |
Pixel center spacing 0.3~0.8mm | Ch≤0.1 | 0.1<Ch≤0.15 | 0.15<Ch≤0.25 | |||
4 | Vertical Misalignment (Cv) | Pixel center spacing 0.8~1.5mm | mm | Cv≤0.12 | 0.12<Cv≤0.2 | 0.2<Cv≤0.35 |
Pixel center spacing 0.3~0.8mm | Cv≤0.1 | 0.1<Cv≤0.15 | 0.15<Cv≤0.25 |
Compared with the national and industry standards for LED display screen structural assembly precision, the following differences are noted:
1.The standard for planar flatness is consistent with the grading specified in SJ/T 11711-2018 “Indoor LED Display Multimedia System Acceptance Specification,” but higher than the grading range specified in SJ/T 11411-2017 “General Specification for LED Displays,” which defines the highest grade as no greater than 0.5mm, followed by 0.5mm (exclusive) to 1.5mm (inclusive), and the lowest grade as 1.5mm (exclusive) to 2.5mm (inclusive).
2.The standard for relative deviation of pixel pitch is higher than the grading range specified in SJ/T 11711-2018, which defines the highest grade as no greater than 5%, followed by 5% (exclusive) to 7.5% (inclusive), and the lowest grade as 7.5% (exclusive) to 10% (inclusive).
3.The standards for horizontal and vertical misalignment are higher than the grading ranges specified in SJ/T 11411-2017, which define the highest grade as no greater than 5%, followed by 5% (exclusive) to 7.5% (inclusive), and the lowest grade as 7.5% (exclusive) to 10% (inclusive).
3.5.2.5 Resource and Environmental Protection
All materials and components used in the display must comply with the relevant requirements of SJ/T 11363-2016 “Requirements for the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electronic Information Products.” Packaging and cushioning materials should prioritize environmentally friendly materials, especially those with recyclability, to minimize the use of disposable packaging.
Depending on the application scenarios, relevant declarations conforming to environmental protection requirements should also be provided. These declarations should meet the requirements of GB/T 27050.1-2006 “Conformity Assessment—Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity—Part 1: General Requirements” and GB/T 27050.2-2006 “Conformity Assessment—Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity—Part 2: Supporting Documentation.”
3.5.3 Basic Functions
The standard outlines the basic functional specifications for Mini LED commercial displays, ensuring that when the product is assembled and delivered to users or consumers, it provides a consistent baseline experience. It also aims to standardize the fundamental functions across the industry, ensuring that after assembly, the product meets the manufacturer’s specified standards.
Industry standards such as SJ/T 11711-2018 “Indoor LED Display Multimedia System Acceptance Specification” and SJ/T 11343-2015 “General Specification for Digital Television LCD Displays” define display system functions. In comparison, Mini LED commercial displays should adhere to the basic functions aligned with the technical characteristics of Mini LED direct display systems. The standard specifies the following basic functions: operating system compatibility, module (cabinet) parameter settings, connection method settings, Gamma settings, frame rate settings, operational status monitoring, brightness adjustment, color temperature adjustment, contrast adjustment, saturation adjustment, large-screen information query, communication interface monitoring, and test modes, as outlined below:
1. Operating System Compatibility: The standard mandates compatibility with one of the following operating systems: Windows, HarmonyOS, Kylin Linux, Red Flag Linux, UOS, Linux, Android, or iOS, taking into account domestic requirements. Preference is encouraged for domestic operating systems.
2.Module Composition: The module is one of the primary components of the finished LED display, consisting of LED chips, PCB boards, drive ICs, resistors, capacitors, and plastic components, commonly referred to as the “cabinet.”
3.Connection Method: This refers to the multiple physical connection options available for modules, allowing for flexible connections. The display must support configuring modules in any connection pattern, ensuring that the system diagram matches the actual physical connections to maintain proper data transmission and communication between modules.
4.Operational Status Monitoring: The display includes software for monitoring the operational status of each cabinet, providing real-time monitoring of the display’s power supply, temperature, fire safety, remote data transmission, and other operational parameters.
5.Large-Screen Information Query: The display has the capability to query its own specifications and current status, including optical parameters of the LED modules (brightness, color temperature, contrast, saturation, etc.), Gamma settings, frame rate, operating temperature, lifespan status, operating system, and software version.
6.Communication Interface Monitoring: The display is equipped with functionality to monitor the communication status of its various external physical communication interfaces.
7.Additional Functions: Other functions are generally consistent with the display system functions specified in the aforementioned industry standards.
3.5.4 Interface Requirements
3.5.4.1 Basic Principles
The display screen must maintain flexibility throughout production testing, on-site installation, maintenance, and spare parts provisioning. The display modules and display panels of Mini LED commercial displays should be interchangeable. Compatibility in design should fully consider aspects such as safety, electromagnetic compatibility, reliability, maintainability, usability, environmental adaptability, energy-saving design, and environmental protection. Software design should prioritize meeting functional requirements, and any software version or configuration upgrades should remain backward compatible.
3.5.4.2 Physical Interfaces
Based on the Mini LED commercial display interfaces supported by all enterprises participating in the standard’s drafting, the standard specifies the requirements for physical interface configurations, mainly covering video input, video output, control signals, and power supply.
1. Video Input: At least one of the following interfaces should be supported: DVI, SDI, DP, or HDMI.
2. Video Output: Gigabit/10 Gigabit networks are mandatory, with at least one type supported. Manufacturers may choose additional DVI, SDI, DP, or HDMI interfaces based on specific scenarios or customer requirements.
3. Control Signals: At least one of the required interfaces should be supported, such as serial (USB/DB9) or Ethernet interfaces. Manufacturers may choose to add Genlock, 3D, or other interfaces as needed based on scenarios or customer requirements.
4. Power Supply: Depending on the region of product sales, different power supply interface types may be configured.
- Type 1 (220VAC–240VAC): Classified as high voltage, emphasizing efficiency, applicable in approximately 120 countries, including China, the United Kingdom, and many European countries.
- Type 2 (100VAC, 110VAC–130VAC): Classified as low voltage, emphasizing safety; 100VAC is primarily used in Japan and South Korea, while 110VAC–130VAC is mainly used in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Taiwan, Cuba, Panama, and about 30 other countries, as well as on ships.
3.5.5 Safety Requirements
The environmental factors affecting safety during product use include product safety performance and visual health.
Firstly, Mini LED commercial displays, as information technology equipment, should comply with the relevant requirements of GB 4943.1-2011 “Safety of Information Technology Equipment – Part 1: General Requirements” (IEC 60950-1:2005, MOD).
Secondly, as LED displays, they must comply with the requirements specified in section 5.7 of industry standard SJ/T 11141-2017, including grounding, safety labeling, leakage current, dielectric strength, and temperature rise.
Thirdly, the power supply for Mini LED commercial displays should have functions such as undervoltage protection, overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and over-temperature protection.
Finally, manufacturers should consider visual health requirements when Mini LED displays are in operation. This standard defines the technical requirements from three dimensions: blue light radiation energy, automatic brightness adjustment, and illumination, with classifications shown in the table below.
No. | Basic Parameter | Unit | Technical Requirement | ||
A | B | C | |||
1 | Blue Light Radiation | W/sr | ≤5×10-3 | ≤10×10-3 | ≤20×10-3 |
2 | Automatic Brightness Adjustment | — | Adaptive Brightness Adjustment Function | Time-sharing Brightness Adjustment Function | |
3 | Illumination | lx | ≤500 | ≤600 | ≤800 |
[4] CESI/TS 009-20 “Technical Specification for Green and Healthy Certification of LED Displays,” Beijing CEC Certification Co., Ltd.
To test visual health during display playback, first measure the blue light radiation energy at the screen’s center point using a full white field signal and a full blue field signal, and take the maximum result. Then, check whether the display supports timed brightness adjustment and adaptive brightness adjustment. Finally, use a full white field signal and an illuminance meter to measure the illumination value of the display screen.
Additional Notes: At present, some industry participants believe that evaluating Mini LED displays from the perspective of “visual health” is inaccurate and should instead be regulated from the perspective of “comfort.” This aspect will be further addressed in the “Comfort Evaluation Method for Mini/Micro LED Direct Display Screens” standard.
3.5.6 Optical Characteristics
3.5.6.1 Maximum Brightness
The industry standard SJ/T 11141-2017 “General Specification for LED Displays” states that the maximum brightness range of LED displays should be specified by detailed standards. The standard SJ/T 11711-2018 “Acceptance Specification for Indoor LED Display Multimedia Systems” requires that LED displays have adjustable screen brightness, with a maximum brightness of not less than 200 cd/m². The technical specifications outlined in these industry standards are suitable for small-pitch LED displays. However, for Mini LED direct display screens, the corresponding technical specifications should be significantly higher.
Based on the consensus among the drafting participants, the grading criteria are divided according to the table below.
Pixel Pitch P (mm) | A | B | C |
0.8<P≤1.5 | L≥600 | 600>L≥500 | 500>L≥400 |
0.3≤P≤0.8 | L≥500 | 500>L≥400 | 400>L≥300 |
The maximum brightness specified here pertains to the assembled finished product parameters of the display screen. In practice, most product suppliers or manufacturers provide adjustable brightness levels. Due to the optical characteristics of Mini LED technology, the maximum adjustable brightness range for Mini LED direct-view displays on the market typically exceeds 1000 cd/m² and can reach over 10000 cd/m², depending on the application scenario. Therefore, the maximum brightness requirements specified in 2020 were relative to traditional LED displays (including small-pitch LEDs). Currently, the grading levels indicated in the table are intended as guidance or to remind product suppliers or manufacturers to provide adjustable parameter ranges.
The testing principles and steps for these technical indicators are implemented according to the methods specified in Section 5.2.1 of SJ/T 11281-2017. The testing conditions require the ambient illuminance variation to be within ±10% and that there are no obvious colored light sources. A colorimeter should be placed 2 meters from the Mini LED display module along the normal direction, and the measurement area should cover no less than 20×20 adjacent pixels. Additionally, if the full-screen white brightness is independent of the white area size, the measurement can be conducted in full-screen mode. If the power load does not support the full grayscale range of a full-screen pattern, a smaller measurement area, such as 25%-50%, is recommended. Note: A smaller measurement area, such as a 25%-50% measurement frame, indicates that the display screen area is 10 m², with 25% referring to the white content occupying only 2.5 m², while the remaining 7.5 m² displays a pure black image.
3.5.6.2 Luminance Viewing Angle and Chromaticity Viewing Angle
The standard specifies the grading for luminance viewing angles for Mini LED commercial displays and display modules, as shown in the table below.
Luminance Viewing Angle (°) | A | B | C |
Horizontal Luminance Angle θh | θh ≥170 | 170>θh ≥160 | 160>θh ≥140 |
Vertical Luminance Angle θv | θv ≥170 | 170>θv ≥160 | 160>θv≥140 |
The industry standard SJ/T 11141-2017 “General Specification for LED Displays” specifies that the viewing angle of LED display modules and LED displays should comply with the detailed standards. The Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation criteria require that the luminance viewing angle of Mini LED commercial displays meets the A grade requirements.
The standard adopts the luminance value Lf/3 as the evaluation criterion, whereas the industry standard SJ/T 11281-2017 “Test Methods of LED Displays” uses the luminance value Lf/2 as the evaluation criterion. It should be noted that this standard references the display performance of flat-panel televisions for its comparison baseline, as per SJ/T 11348-2016. Thus, the A-grade requirement for the luminance viewing angle is no less than 170 degrees. If the luminance value Lf/2 specified in SJ/T 11281-2017 is used as the evaluation criterion, the A-grade requirement for the luminance viewing angle will be no less than 160 degrees (see note).
Note: Many other related standards in the industry adopt the luminance value Lf/2 specified in SJ/T 11281-2017 as the evaluation criterion.
The testing methods for the luminance viewing angle should follow the procedures specified in SJ/T 11281-2017. The testing conditions require a full white test image (e.g., 8-bit signal, R=G=B=255), with ambient illuminance variation within ±10% and no significant colored light sources. The colorimeter’s sampling area must cover no less than 20×20 adjacent pixels. The Mini LED commercial display should display a full-screen white field (highest grayscale and luminance levels). First, measure the luminance value in the normal direction at the central region using a colorimeter. Then, rotate the turntable horizontally left and right (in 5° increments), keeping the colorimeter aligned with the original measurement area until the luminance value drops. Measure the angle between the two observation lines with a protractor.
For Mini LED commercial displays and display modules, in applicable scenarios, chromaticity viewing angle technical indicators can be used for quality testing and evaluation, as shown in the table below. The chromaticity viewing angle is defined as the horizontal and vertical viewing angles where the chromaticity deviation from the screen center equals 0.020.
Chromaticity Viewing Angle (°) | A | B | C |
Horizontal Chromaticity Angle θh | θh ≥140 | 140>θh ≥130 | 130>θh ≥120 |
Vertical Chromaticity Angle θv | θv ≥140 | 140>θv ≥130 | 130>θv ≥110 |

i — a positive integer representing different horizontal angles;
j — a positive integer representing different vertical angles;
k — 1 to 3, representing the three different color signals;
Calculate the average horizontal and vertical color differences for all specified colors, and identify the angular positions where the average color difference is 0.020.
3.5.6.3 Luminance Uniformity
The grading for luminance uniformity of Mini LED commercial displays and display modules is shown in the table below.
A | B | C |
IJ>98.5% | 98.5%>IJ≥97% | 97%>IJ≥95% |
The Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation guidelines require that the luminance uniformity of Mini LED commercial displays should meet at least the B grade requirement.
According to Section 5.10.3 of SJ/T 11141-2017 “General Specification for LED Displays,” the highest grade for luminance uniformity is no less than 95%. Similarly, SJ/T 11711-2018 “Acceptance Specification for Indoor LED Display Multimedia Systems” mandates that the luminance uniformity of LED displays should not be less than 95%. Industry surveys indicate that other group standards exceed the requirements of these industry standards.
Statistics from participating companies in the standard drafting process suggest that most related products meet the requirement of luminance uniformity above 95%. However, achieving a uniformity level of no less than 97% demands excellence in technical research and development, manufacturing, and assembly processes. Currently, a few leading companies achieve a luminance uniformity level above 98.5%, although this involves higher costs and technical demands for mass production.
The luminance uniformity in this standard follows the testing methods specified in SJ/T 11281-2017 “Test Methods of LED Displays.”
3.5.6.4 Chromaticity Coordinate Deviation
The grading for white field chromaticity coordinate deviations (Δx and Δy) for Mini LED commercial displays and display modules is shown in Table 8.
A | B | C |
Δx≤0.003 | 0.003<Δx≤0.006 | 0.006<Δx≤0.01 |
Δy≤0.003 | 0.003<Δy≤0.006 | 0.006<Δy≤0.01 |
The Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation guidelines require that the chromaticity coordinate deviations in the white field of Mini LED commercial displays should meet the A-grade requirement.
To measure color coordinates, adjust the display color temperatures to 3200K, 4500K, 5000K, 5600K, 6500K, 8000K, and 9300K. At the highest grayscale and brightness levels, use a color analyzer to measure the chromaticity coordinates of the display, with the measurement area covering at least 20×20 pixels. Record the color coordinates X and Y corresponding to the color temperatures of 3200K, 4500K, 5000K, 5600K, 6500K, 8000K, and 9300K, and compare them with the following table.
Color Temperature | 2800 K | 3200K | 4500K | 5000K | 5600K | 6500K | 8000K | 9300K |
X | 0.452 | 0.424 | 0.361 | 0.346 | 0.329 | 0.3127 | 0.295 | 0.284 |
Y | 0.411 | 0.400 | 0.364 | 0.354 | 0.340 | 0.3290 | 0.305 | 0.294 |
Note: The error margin for 6500K is -0/+200K, while the error margin for other color temperatures is ±100K.
Calculate the chromaticity coordinate deviation according to the following formulas.

— X₀, Y₀ are the chromaticity coordinates corresponding to the color temperature on the blackbody curve.
— Xᵢ, Yᵢ are the actual measured chromaticity coordinates at each color temperature.
3.5.6.5 Primary Wavelength Error of Base Colors
The primary wavelength error of base colors refers to the difference between the actual measured value and the nominal value for each base color. The primary wavelength error for Mini LED commercial displays and display modules is consistent with the specifications in SJ/T 11141-2017 “General Specification for LED Displays.” The testing method follows the procedures outlined in SJ/T 11281-2017.
3.5.6.6 Maximum Contrast Ratio
According to the industry standard SJ/T 11281-2007 “Test Methods of LED Displays,” the maximum contrast ratio is defined as the ratio of the maximum luminance to the background luminance under a specific ambient illuminance (contrast ratio). This standard specifies the grading of the maximum contrast ratio for Mini LED commercial displays under an ambient illuminance of 10 ±10% lx, as shown in the table below.
A | B | C |
C≥5000:1 | 5000:1>C≥3000:1 | 3000:1>C≥1000:1 |
The testing method follows the procedures outlined in SJ/T 11281-2017.
Under a certain level of ambient light intensity, the contrast ratio of a Mini LED commercial display is the ratio of the brightness when the LED display is at its whitest to its darkest (contrast ratio = brightness at the whitest / brightness at the darkest). A higher contrast ratio results in clearer images and more vivid colors, while a lower contrast ratio results in blurred images and less vivid colors. Higher display brightness parameters lead to higher brightness at the whitest, thus a higher contrast ratio. However, excessive brightness may cause light pollution and relatively increase power consumption. Therefore, in practical applications, both brightness and contrast should be set appropriately to match the specific requirements of the application scenario.
3.5.6.7 Color Gamut Coverage
In this revision, the color gamut coverage of Mini LED commercial displays is evaluated using the BT.2020 mode, replacing the NTSC mode. According to the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram in the x, y coordinate system, the color gamut area formed by the three primary colors (R, G, B) is compared to the color gamut area of the BT.2020 standard. The overlapping area of these two triangles, as a proportion of the BT.2020 color gamut area, defines the color gamut coverage.
A | B | C |
Gp>75% | 75%≥Gp>60% | Gp≤60% |
According to the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram in the x, y coordinate system, the color gamut coverage is defined as the ratio of the overlapping area between the triangle formed by the chromaticity points of the three primary colors (R, G, B) and the triangle formed by the BT.2020 standard chromaticity points, to the total area of the BT.2020 color gamut.
Testing Method:
a) Test Signals: Full red field signal, full green field signal, full blue field signal.
b) Testing Steps:
1. Adjust the test sample to the measurement working state.
2. Measure the chromaticity coordinates at the center point under full red, green, and blue field conditions using a colorimeter, sequentially
3. Triangle calculation formula (12) is as follows:

4. Calculate the coincident area Scoincide of the triangle formed with the BT.2020 trichromatic coordinates;
5. Calculate the color gamut coverage Gcoincide with formula (13):

6.After the test is completed, the results are judged and included in the corresponding level.
In 2020, the standard established that the technical indicator for “color gamut coverage” should comply with the specifications in Table 12 under the NTSC mode for Mini LED displays. However, after several years of development, some enterprises in the industry continue to use NTSC mode to test display color gamut coverage, but now the technical indicators are expected to meet the requirements outlined in Table 13.
A | B | C |
Gp≥90% | 72%≤Gp<90% | Gp<72% |
A | B | C |
CG≥115% | 115%>CG≥110% | 110%>CG |
NTSC Color Gamut Coverage: Based on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram, color gamut coverage is defined as the ratio of the measured color gamut area to the NTSC color gamut area.
Testing Steps:
a) Under the conditions of full red, full green, and full blue fields, use a colorimeter to sequentially measure the chromaticity coordinates at point P0 (xr, yr), (xg, yg), (xb, yb) as shown in Figure 1.
b) According to the chromaticity coordinates (x, y), calculate the color gamut area S△rgb and color gamut coverage Gp using formulas (14) and (15).

Based on the color gamut coverage (BT.2020), testing is performed using both the “CIE 1931 Uniform Color Space” and the “CIE 1976 Uniform Color Space.” It is important to distinguish between the two, especially when converting x, y coordinates from CIE 1931 to u’, v’ in CIE 1976. In the CIE 1931 calculation formula, the denominator for the area is 0.2118, while in the CIE 1976 calculation, the denominator is 0.1118.
If using (NTSC) color gamut coverage: according to the CIE 1976 Uniform Color Space, the denominator in the formula for color gamut coverage (Gp) should be “0.1952.”
3.5.7 Electrical Requirements
The technical indicators for grayscale level, refresh rate, and frame change rate have been classified into three grades, with the Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation guidelines adopting the A-level requirements. This requires a grayscale level of 14-bit or above and a refresh rate of 3840Hz or higher. Compared to the 2020 version, the requirements for grayscale level have been enhanced.
3.5.8 Pixel Failure Rate
Pixel failure rate refers to the proportion of defective pixels (the smallest imaging units) that do not function correctly on the display screen. It is one of the critical technical indicators for evaluating Mini LED displays. Factors during production, transportation, and long-term use may cause discrepancies between the LED pixel’s light-emitting state and the control requirements, affecting the display’s visual quality.
The standard classifies the pixel failure rate for Mini LED commercial displays both at the time of shipment and after 10,000 hours of cumulative use.
A | B | C |
PZ=0 | 0≤ PZ <1 | 1≤ PZ <3 |
A | B | C |
PZ≤3 | 3≤ PZ<5 | 5≤ PZ<10 |
This indicator is tested according to the method specified in Section 5.3.5 of J/T 11281-2017.
3.5.9 Energy Efficiency Requirements
Section 5.8 of SJ/T 11141-2017 specifies that “at room temperature, the power factor of the LED display power supply should not be less than 90%, and the conversion efficiency should not be less than 70%.” Based on this, this standard classifies the levels with conversion efficiency not less than 80%, which is significantly higher than the industry standard.
A | B |
PF≥0.95 | 0.95>PF≥0.90 |
A | B | C |
η>90% | 90%>η≥85% | 85%>η≥80% |
The power efficiency and power factor of single-output “AC-DC” and “AC-AC” external power supplies are tested according to the methods specified in Appendix A of GB 20943-2013; the efficiency of multi-output power supplies is tested according to the method specified in Section 5.3.9 of GB/T 14714-2008.
For Mini LED commercial displays at 300 cd/m², the energy consumption per unit display area is graded as follows:
A | B | C |
E≤300 | 300<E≤450 | 450<E≤600 |
The higher the energy consumption level requirement, the stricter the selection of components and materials, which significantly increases product costs. Manufacturers of Mini LED commercial displays generally believe that the technology to meet these requirements is feasible, but the primary obstacle to producing and marketing products with higher requirements is the cost. Most companies agree that a consumption level not exceeding 450 W/m² represents a high level of technical quality. The Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation guidelines have adopted this view, defining “Mini LED displays with a brightness of 300 nit ±5% should have an energy consumption per unit area of E ≤ 450 W/m²” to represent high-quality products.
During testing, set the display to the highest grayscale level white, adjust the brightness to 300 nit ±5%, and measure the AC power at the input of the power supply with a power meter to convert it to power consumption per unit area.
3.5.10 Climate and Environmental Adaptability
Mini LED commercial displays are intended for use at altitudes below 2000m (including 2000m), between 2000m and 5000m (including 5000m), and above 5000m, as well as under non-tropical and tropical climatic conditions. The performance of the product under these environmental conditions must be considered by manufacturers or product suppliers.
The standard requires compliance with the relevant requirements of GB 4943.1-2011 and appropriate safety warning labels to be placed in prominent positions. It considers the product’s adaptability to climatic and environmental conditions separately for indoor and outdoor use, and defines the corresponding levels:
Level I: -10℃ ±2℃ to 40℃ ±2℃ (Indoor)
Level II: -25℃ ±2℃ to 55℃ ±2℃ (Outdoor)
Level III: -40℃ ±2℃ to 70℃ ±2℃ (Outdoor)
High Temperature and Low Temperature Tests: After each test is conducted for 8 hours under operating conditions, the display should function normally. Additionally, under the conditions of the highest operating ambient temperature and relative humidity of RH (93±3)%, the display should operate normally for 8 hours under powered conditions. In a constant hot and humid environment at a temperature of (40±2)℃ and relative humidity of RH (93±3)%, the display should continue to function normally for 48 hours.
When exposed to a salt fog (sodium chloride) environment, there should be no significant rust inside or outside the equipment. The protective layer on the outer surface of the casing must not become loose, blister, or show significant wrinkling, and there should be no signs of corrosion on the metal substrate (except at welds or areas with mechanical damage). Coatings should not exhibit widespread bubbles with a diameter greater than 1mm, and the maximum diameter of any single bubble should not exceed 5mm.
The standard states that when fully exposed to outdoor environmental conditions, such as atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature, sunlight, wind, and rain, resistance to salt fog is not required in cold regions of northern China or desert areas.
3.5.11 Mechanical Environmental Adaptability
Mini LED commercial displays are designed for both indoor and outdoor applications, and their enclosure protection level should meet the requirements of different environments. The standard, based on the industry’s actual conditions, classifies the product quality level into three grades, as shown in the table below:
Application Environment | A | B | C |
Indoor | IP31 or above | IP30 (inclusive) to IP31 | IP20 (inclusive) to IP30 |
Outdoor | IP65 or above | IP54 (inclusive) to IP65 | Below IP54 |
Manufacturers and suppliers must clearly indicate the enclosure protection level on the product or in the product manual. The product’s quality should be tested and inspected according to the provisions of GB/T 4208-2017. The product should be able to withstand vibration and transportation conditions during logistics and installation, and meet the technical requirements specified in SJ/T 11141-2017.
3.5.12 Power Adaptability
Mini LED commercial displays have specified power adaptability indicators to accommodate fluctuations in mains power supply or other causes of voltage fluctuations. To adapt to these conditions, this standard stipulates: “Unless otherwise specified, when powered by an AC source, the device should function normally with a power voltage fluctuation range of ±20% of the rated 220VAC (frequency 48–52Hz). For wide-voltage Mini LED commercial display products, the device should function normally with a power voltage fluctuation range of 90–264VAC (frequency 48–52Hz).” During testing, samples should be placed under normal, minimum, and maximum voltage conditions for a sufficient time to achieve temperature stability, followed by a basic functionality check.
3.5.13 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
With the maturity of Mini LED direct display technology, these products are gradually entering the market, providing a high-quality visual experience across various applications. Long-term stable operation is a fundamental requirement. Compared to traditional LED display industry standards (SJ/T 11141-2017 specifies an MTBF of not less than 5000 hours), this standard, incorporating feedback from various manufacturers, sets the MTBF for Mini LED commercial displays at no less than 10,000 hours.
4 Current Status of Mini LED Direct Display Standards Domestically and Internationally
Since the Shenzhen Lighting and Display Engineering Industry Association released the first group standard for Mini LED displays in 2020, the standard has drawn significant attention from the industry. Various domestic professional institutions and social organizations have initiated studies on Mini LED direct display technology standards. According to statistics, there is currently one national standard applicable to Mini LED direct displays, namely GB/T 36101-2018 “Requirements for Evaluating Interference Light of LED Displays.” Several national standard plans are under approval, including “Specifications for Indoor LED Displays,” “Requirements for Evaluating Light Comfort of Indoor LED Displays,” and “Methods for Evaluating Light Comfort of Indoor LED Displays.” Additionally, there are five industry standards mainly focused on conventional or small-pitch LED displays, three group standards, and two local standards. Overall, standards and a comprehensive standard system directly related to Mini LED direct displays still need further development.
1. Starting from each segment of the Mini/Micro LED direct display industry chain (upstream, midstream, and downstream), research and develop a technical standard system for Mini/Micro LED direct displays, covering basic specifications, technology, products, engineering, services, and management, and establish a continuous and cyclical upgrade mechanism to ensure the standard system remains up to date.
2. Increase investment in the construction of basic quality facilities for Mini/Micro LEDs, and build an integrated platform encompassing market products, testing, and quality evaluation, thereby guiding industry norms, promoting technological innovation, and fostering healthy industry development.
3. The industry should emphasize the cultivation of professional technical talent in Mini/Micro LED technologies, not just within enterprises and professional research institutions, but also in higher education institutions where curricula should closely align with societal needs, ensuring rapid iteration of knowledge systems. Industry authorities are also encouraged to support and incentivize professional talent through policy measures.
4. Social organizations should actively host Mini/Micro LED technology exchange events, fostering collaboration, cooperation, and communication among enterprises, technical experts, testing and certification bodies, research institutions, and academic institutions to jointly address current and potential industry challenges, thereby guiding the establishment and maintenance of industry order.
5 Conclusion
T/SLDA 01-2022 “General Technical Specifications for Mini LED Commercial Displays” primarily establishes the general technical specifications for Mini/Micro LED commercial displays, covering 15 aspects, including appearance, structure, basic functions, interface requirements, safety requirements, optical characteristics, electrical requirements, pixel failure rate, energy efficiency, climate and environmental adaptability, mechanical environmental adaptability, power adaptability, electromagnetic compatibility, noise, and mean time between failures, as well as the corresponding test methods and product inspection rules. The development of this standard involved the participation and support of over 100 companies within the industry, thoroughly summarizing the technical indicators of Mini LED commercial displays in all respects, thereby ensuring the standard’s comprehensiveness and applicability.
The standard optimizes and refines the original standard from the perspectives of technological advancement and quality level classification, providing technical guidance for enterprises in product design and manufacturing, establishing quality benchmarks, and serving as a technical reference for professional and academic research institutions. It also provides a reference basis for industry authorities, evaluation and certification bodies, and consumers in product evaluation. The release of this standard offers a foundation for the Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation and certification work for Mini LED commercial displays. Based on T/SLDA 01-2022 “General Technical Specifications for Mini LED Commercial Displays,” the group standard T/SLDA 007-2022 “Mini LED Indoor Commercial Displays” was developed, summarizing and establishing technical requirements for Mini LED commercial displays in indoor scenarios, including aspects such as appearance and structure, basic functions, interface requirements, performance requirements, test methods, and inspection rules. This standard was also developed with the participation and support of over 100 companies, thoroughly summarizing the technical indicators of Mini LED indoor commercial displays across all levels (high, medium, and low), ensuring both the standard’s comprehensiveness and applicability, while covering advanced technological indicators and high-quality standards for the product.
T/SLDA 007-2022 “Mini LED Indoor Commercial Displays” has passed the Shenzhen advanced standard evaluation, with many Mini LED indoor commercial display companies publicly declaring their adoption of this standard, thereby ensuring its effective implementation. This has promoted the optimization of the industry structure and guided the order of the market.
6 References
[1] In-depth Report on the Electronics Industry — The LED Display Industry Ready for Takeoff: Multiple Resonances Support Long-term Demand Prosperity (Orient Securities Industry Research | In-depth Research, Electronics Industry).
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Original article byJing Fajun from Shenzhen Lighting and Display Engineering Industry Association
Edited and translated by MiniMicroLED Insights (Doris)